Russian society was ravaged by decades of communist rule followed by extensive looting and chaos carried out by western backed primarily Jewish oligarchs. Of course it's a basket case of a nation after all that. Putin has been so popular because he is seen as an antidote to this. A return to some degree of Russian nationalism and soviet era prestige. Putin himself has some communist era baggage and was largely a product of that system, and unfortunately the Russians havent really completely split with that way of thinking, so Putin is a hybrid of both Russian nationalism and communist era nostalgia.

Dugin is more of a traditional Russian style nationalist, which Jewish power hates even worse than Putin, which is likely why he was targeted for assassination. I don't know enough about the situation to know whether Putin pays much attention to Dugin or simply uses his type of appeal in the same way Trump would use populist rhetoric for political gain.