Besides the more obvious ones you mentioned I'd say: fictional world building. This allows for great literature, invention, creative thinking, strategizing, etc. Living in your head can also help stave off boredom, pain, or adapt to new surroundings. It can help you endure hours of practice at a new skill. It can work in tandem with creating long term goals. Fictional world building creates more elaborate musical, artistic, and religious expressions which can then lead to strong social bonding.

I can't really point to another race of people that does this quite like Europeans do.

Another influential cognitive trait: broad spectrum empathy. Many races don't empathize very strongly. Whites do it broadly and intensely. So much so we create elaborate religious, government and cultural cues to cope with the burden.

European men especially are strong cognitive empathizers, i.e. we have the ability to put ourselves into strangers perspective. Many whites are compassionate empathizers which means we not only envision a strangers emotional state but become moved to action by another's predicament or possible future predicament. This trait allows us to create elaborate schooling/military systems, it gives us the ability to forgive in a more complete way than other cultures; making us more flexible. Which I would suspicion is why Christianity found a home in Europe.