Russia launched a two-pronged attack in 2022 in an attempt to take Kyiv, but Russian military incompetence and ferocious Ukrainian resistance forced the Russians to abandon the assault. Russia did not just play defense. They attacked Bakhmut. Presently they are attacking Avdiivka. Russian losses are far greater than that of Ukraine. The reason is the use of human wave attacks. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwkIsnTn01E&t=64s 1:39 into video. The Russians use this tactic because of their vast manpower. Ukraine because of their limited manpower is more careful in how they're used. In their 2023 counteroffensive, Ukraine had to abandon large scale attacks because they were suffering unsustainable losses attempting to break through deep minefields. Consequently, Ukraine had to resort to small unit assaults. Russia's present strategy is probably a war of attrition hoping that the West will abandon Ukraine. Ukraine's strategy is probably to wait until the F-16s arrive. In the meantime, they can hit targets deep in Russian-held territory with their longer range ATACMs.