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[–][deleted] 1 insightful - 1 fun1 insightful - 0 fun2 insightful - 1 fun -  (1 child)

The Masai are just one example, you can't characterize the beliefs of traditional cultures by one tribe, and there really is no generalizing the beliefs of primitive peoples as they are extremely diverse.

Some of these African cultures DO in fact have fluid notions of gender, this is well documented by many sociologists. The Nuba people of Sudan, and the Ambo of Angola are just a couple of examples in Africa. Indigenous people have a very wide range of practices and beliefs

[–]milkmender11 1 insightful - 1 fun1 insightful - 0 fun2 insightful - 1 fun -  (0 children)

There are definitely generalizations you can make about traditional societies. We share a mostly-common biology, after all. It IS the case that in all traditional societies, men and women are defined primarily through folk biology. When deviance from gender norms is permitted, it is not because they believe men can become women or women can become men. Deviants are given an additional category to occupy, known in anthropology as 'third gender.' So far, every recorded instance of third gender in the ethnographic record involves the society understanding that the biology of the deviant is male or female, but they are afforded the courtesy of occupying the third gender role.

There are no traditional societies on Earth that believe men can become women or women can become men. It is possible that the Sentinelese believe this, since they have not been contacted, but it is almost certainly not the case.