But the constant evolution of computers shows plenty of other cheat codes exist that can basically act like the same thing.

Not really. Quantum "teleportation" is something that's been understood and studied for 80 some years, this is just a mechanical implementation of the theory. There is no actual physical transfer of energy/information here nor does there exist even some theoretical way in which it could occur in any currently plausible model. It's not even directly useful for quantum computing (superposition is what makes quantum computers theoretically useful). The word quantum is thrown around a lot mystify things for public consumption and while it's interesting they can build a system sufficiently isolated to practically measure entanglement it doesn't actually represent anything new in physics. Rather than pushing the limits of physics into new realms, most research of the last ~30 years has been confirming and building consensus that the standard model/relativity are correct and occluding alternative theories to the point many physicists don't even know where to look anymore beyond just building more energetic colliders.

"Light speed" is a bit of a misnomer - it's more like the "speed of causality". Anything that breaks that gives you all kind of nonsensical results, such as time reversal or particles appearing at random intervals before they're created/emitted. In sci fi shows like star trek or star wars or whatever when ships travel faster than light it appears as if they're just moving very quickly - in the real world traveling like that couldn't even be modeled by physics as we understand it because it breaks so many conceits of reality baked into our models.