If we want to discuss the notion of people being "owed" something, "the world" is too broad a category, so of course it sounds silly and "entitled" to say "the world owes me". But we can reasonably say that there are social structures that "owe" people something. These are the groups into which individuals are born: families, clans, tribes, ethnic groups, nations, religions, and so on. Rather than "owing something" as in being indebted to individuals with a negative balance sheet entry, these structures, when healthy, have something of positive value to provide to individuals. These could be things like good rearing, education, social 'goodwill', etc., all of which should in turn lead to economic opportunities, eligibility to find a mate, and raise one's own family in a reasonable community - creating positive feedback for the next generation.

So it's not that people are "owed" something due to their having earned it through personal effort or merit, but rather that a good society creates surplus social (and material) value, which can be more or less fairly "distributed" among its members. Individuals are not just "given stuff" like spoiled children, but they are given reasonable opportunities to make use of, which they must work for. Their work in turn contributes to the commons; this arrangement can be said to represent a social contract. When this situation has begun to break down, (some) individuals are still compelled to contribute, but are unable to acquire the social goods that previous generations came to expect ('be entitled to'). These individuals are frequently dismissed as whiners, based on the erroneous assumption that the opportunities are still there, so failure to advance one's interests must be due to personal failings rather than the decay of social structures (a process which is anyway too abstract for the average person to comprehend).