2005. China uses their SARS-CoV vaccine: "Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly emerged infectious disease caused by SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV)"

fizzyj · 2020-03-08T20:08:04+00:00

https://academic.oup.com/nsr/advance-article/doi/10.1093/nsr/nwaa036/5775463

fizzyj · 2020-03-06T07:49:49+00:00

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/31607599/

fizzyj · 2020-02-29T09:23:12+00:00

mutation rate

https://nextstrain.org/ncov

fizzyj · 2020-02-28T07:38:45+00:00

https://marlin-prod.literatumonline.com/pb-assets/journals/research/cell/CELL_S0092-8674%2820%2930229-4.pdf

fizzyj · 2020-02-28T07:10:47+00:00

A hitherto unknown cause of the Wuhan coronavirus outbreak [1–3] is reported here - a bacteria from the Prevotella genus. The number of Wuhan coronavirus deaths in mainland China has overtaken the SARS epidemic in the country. The high mortality is being caused by targeting only the virus (which is also present). This is a two pronged attack, as previously noted in ‘infection with human coronavirus NL63 enhances streptococcal adherence to epithelial cells‘ [6]. Prevotella is a well known pathogen, and can induce ‘Severe Bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Mice with Upregulated Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor Expression’ [7].The RNA-seq data from Wuhan, China (PRJNA603194) has millions of reads of Prevotella proteins, and a few thousands from 2019-nCoV (Table 1). Similarly, the DNA sequences (PRJNA601630) of 6 patients from the same family in Hong Kong [3] shows significant presence of this bacteria. These sequences can be found at SI:China.RNA-seq/SampleSequences.fa(n=480K) and SI:HongKong/ALLsequences.fa(n=50k).Finally, the expression levels (Table 2) shows that the elongation factor Tu is the most expressed. ‘Elon- gation factor Tu (Tuf) is a new virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae that binds human complement factors, aids in immune evasion and host tissue invasion’ [8].These are the only two studies I could find. Detection of the Prevotella in other samples will add more credence to this theory. Detection of the nCoV can be made very specific by looking for a 500bp in the spike protein [4], which would be a good candidate for vaccine development, protein-inhibition and diagnosis (which was non-specific for SARS in many cases, including the CDC test [5]). Anti-virals neeed to be supplemented with anti-bacterial agents to treat this disease.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339008515_The_2019_Wuhan_outbreak_is_caused_by_the_bacteria_Prevotella_which_is_aided_by_the_coronavirus_possibly_to_adhere_to_epithelial_cells_-_Prevotella_is_present_in_huge_amounts_in_patients_from_both_Chin

fizzyj · 2020-02-26T21:58:36+00:00

https://viralzone.expasy.org/80?outline=all_by_species

fizzyj · 2020-02-26T21:44:19+00:00

This has proved to be reliant on chance, and little or no protection has been provided in the USA by the trivalent vaccines against the circulating influenza B virus in 5 of the 10 seasons between 2001 and 2010.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X10011370

seriously?

fizzyj · 2020-02-26T21:33:33+00:00

“This virus may use the packing mechanisms of other viruses such as HIV.”

According to the study, the mutation can generate a structure known as a cleavage site in the new coronavirus’ spike protein.

The virus uses the outreaching spike protein to hook on to the host cell, but normally this protein is inactive. The cleavage site structure’s job is to cheat the human furin protein, so it will cut and activate the spike protein and cause a “direct fusion” of the viral and cellular membranes.

fizzyj · 2020-02-26T21:15:20+00:00

https://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-4-21

The mutation rate in the SARS-CoV genome was estimated to be 0.80 – 2.38 × 10-3 nucleotide substitution per site per year which is in the same order of magnitude as other RNA viruses.

fizzyj · 2020-02-26T20:49:46+00:00

Oh, here's what I was trying to find.

https://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/china-vaccine-law-passed/

(Aug. 27, 2019) On June 29, 2019, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee of the People’s Republic of China (PRC or China) adopted the PRC Law on Vaccine Administration (Vaccine Law). The official Xinhua news agency states that the Law provides for the “strictest” vaccine management with tough penalties in order to ensure the country’s vaccine safety.

Before the passage of this 100-article Law, provisions governing vaccines were contained in the PRC Drug Administration Law, PRC Law on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and a few relevant administrative regulations and rules.

The new Law provides for regulatory requirements for researching, producing, distributing, and using vaccines. Such requirements, according to one legal commentator, are much more stringent than those for other drugs (art. 2). It also contains a chapter specifying penalties for violating the Vaccine Law, which are also stricter than those for violating other drug laws (ch. 10). According to the Law, if any violation of this Law constitutes a crime, a “heavier punishment” within the range of punishments provided by the Criminal Law on the relevant crimes is to be imposed (art. 79).

The Law mandates the launching of a national vaccine electronic tracking platform that integrates tracking information throughout the whole process of vaccine production, distribution, and use to ensure all vaccine products can be tracked and verified (art. 10).

According to the Law, China is to implement a state immunization program, and residents living within the territory of China are legally obligated to be vaccinated with immunization program vaccines, which are provided by the government free of charge. Local governments and parents or other guardians of children must ensure that children be vaccinated with the immunization program vaccines (art. 6).

The Law establishes a compensation system for abnormal reactions to vaccination. A recipient of an immunization program vaccine who dies or suffers significant disability or organ and tissue damage is to be paid from the vaccination funds of the provincial level government if the damage falls within the scope of abnormal reactions associated with a vaccine or cannot be prevented (art. 56).

The Law will take effect on December 1, 2019 (art. 100).

fizzyj · 2020-02-26T20:44:39+00:00

Infection by FECV is generally subclinical, and little is known about the mucosal immune response that controls and eliminates the virus.

https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/10/906

wait, what

that's much more interesting than everything else

how do you generate that in humans?

btw vaccines won't work

fizzyj · 2020-02-26T20:32:27+00:00

Only limited options are available to prevent coronavirus infections. Vaccines have only been approved for IBV, TGEV, and Canine CoV, but these vaccines are not always used because they are either not very effective, or in some cases have been reported to be involved in the selection of novel pathogenic CoVs via recombination of circulating strains.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4369385/

fizzyj · 2020-02-26T20:15:42+00:00

fizzyj · 2020-02-26T07:58:00+00:00

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0052687

fizzyj · 2020-02-26T07:53:23+00:00

We found a U-shaped relationship between temperature and mortality in Wuhan.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4962263/

fizzyj · 2020-02-26T07:52:01+00:00

As the slogan says : 武汉每天不一样 (Wuhan different everyday). It actually refers to the rapid development of the city which to be explained that it grows fast within a short period of time. But, I heard a joke which says that it can also refer to the weather. During summer, the temperature can go crazy, it can go up to 42 degrees Celcius with no wind at all. It is too hot for me since I come from a tropical country. But when it comes to winter, the temperature can be so cold, it can reach to -10 degress with a lot of wind. And during spring season, the weather can change extremely within 1 or 2 days, from the very high humidity to the dry and hot day.

fizzyj · 2020-02-26T07:47:46+00:00

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-diplomats-china-cuba-evacuated-unknown-sickness-consulate-guangzhou-a8387091.html

fizzyj · 2020-02-26T07:44:29+00:00

https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9780203832776/chapters/10.4324/9780203832776-12

fizzyj · 2020-02-26T07:37:33+00:00

http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2018/04/new-sars-virus-bats-implicated-china-pig-die

fizzyj · 2020-02-26T00:11:17+00:00

http://english.whiov.cas.cn/sylbt2016/201803/t20180301_190389.html

fizzyj · 2020-02-26T00:11:00+00:00

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29478775

fizzyj · 2020-02-25T23:57:42+00:00

https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698

fizzyj · 2020-02-19T20:57:04+00:00

Importantly, another group reported that the minor C allele of rs12252 in the Caucasin population is much more prevalent in Han Chinese and Japanese and is associated with disease severity in patients with pH1N1/09 IAV infection (Zhang et al., 2013)

IFITM Genes, Variants, and Their Roles in the Control and Pathogenesis of Viral Infections

Additional research about this Han Chinese vulnerability is noted in an article "Genetic variants in IL1A and IL1B contribute to the susceptibility to 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus"

Chinese population-attributable risk for severe influenza infection was ten-fold greater than Northern European population-attributable risk because of the high frequency of rs12252-C in Han Chinese [4]. Meanwhile, the SNPs in TLR3 [5], CD55 [6], C1q and FCGR2A [7], TNF [8, 9], LTA, IL8 and IL1B [9] were suggested to be connected with the severity of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection.

...

Here, we found a significantly high frequency of IL-1B rs1143627 allele C in A/H1N1 patients, suggesting the hosts with allele C were more susceptible to this virus infection. Importantly,the frequency of the rs1143627 allele C is quite rich in Han Chinese (minor allele frequency = 0.476). Thus, elucidation of the underlying mechanism of the polymorphism of rs1143627 is of great importance for in-depth understanding of the susceptibility of influenza in Chinese population

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3750637/

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2018.03228/full

fizzyj · 2020-02-10T22:21:58+00:00

simila r story

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0035421

fizzyj · 2020-02-10T20:57:49+00:00

Vaccines caused sensitisation in China. That's why they die from it, and barely no one outside of China. Throw in poor medical care, an overburdened system, heavy smoking, and pollution, and you have the highest global rates of death from this.

notasking

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