Netherlands is Nederland. Neder means something like under, down, below. And land means land. It's called that because its below sea level and most parts used to be under water. I live 6,76meters below sealevel, so global warming and melting ice-caps is a great danger to my region. We're protected by several water management system but there are limits offcourse. The Dutch dredged most of the land that now is The Netherlands. It's also called Holland sometimes, but that's the western part that was and is the richest and highest populated part. Why we are called Dutch, no idea, it sounds like Deutsch (german for german) and is confusing to most people, undertstandably. We call ourself "Nederlanders".