Indeed, a long-term result of mid-1960s Title VII and subsequent "inclusive" policies, so that marginalized and underprivileged and underrepresented candidates have included women, who were half of all university graduates since the mid-1970s and who were hired instead of non-whites in order to meet administrative quotas that are otherwise difficult to meet with the hiring of non-whites, who have been traditionally rare in applicant pools, or in some cases traditionally rate in similar qualifitations of white applicants. The non-white applicant numbers have increased, so as much as 38% across all disciplines.