- Tawhid ar-Rububiyyah: it is the tawhid of Allah in regardswith His actions. And it is achieved by the belief that Allah isthe One who created the creations alone, provides for themalone, and disposes the affairs alone. Most of the people, dueto their fitrah, believe that Allah is the Creator, the Provider,and the Controller of life and death; they believe in all of thatand affirm it for Him. Rather, even the kuf ar, those whomthe Messenger of Allah (sallallahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) fought,
permitted their blood and wealth, affirmed and believed inthat. The proof is the His (ta‘ala) saying, “Say: ‘Who providesfor you from the heavens and the earth? Who owns thehearing and the sight? And who brings out the living fromthe dead and brings out the dead from the living? Whodisposes the affairs?’ They will say: Allah.”
However, the tawhid ar-rububiyyah by itself, that the slavebelieves that Allah created him, provides for him, and gives him life, is not sufficient to enter one into Islam without thebelief in tawhid al-uluhiyyah.
2.Tawhid al-Uluhiyyah: it is the tawhid of Allah (ta‘ala) in
regards with the actions of the slaves, such as du‘a; nathr(vowing); slaughtering; hope; fear; raghbah (fervent desire);inabah (turning towards Allah), isti‘anah (seeking aid),istighathah (seeking deliverance), glorification, ruku’ (bowing),jihad… Its meaning is that the slave performs these acts ofworship in order to get closer to Allah alone. Therefore, if hedoes them for that purpose, then he is Muslim and hasfulfilled tawhid. If the slave performs worship to gaincloseness to other than Allah or some to Allah and some of itto other than Allah, then he has not fulfilled tawhid and hascommitted shirk, however; and refuge is sought with Allah. The tawhid of uluhiyyah is also referred to as “tawhid al-‘ibadah”;it is that which the messengers (‘alayhim as-salam) were sentfor, as every messenger began their da’wah to their peoplewith the command of tawhid al-‘ibadah.He (ta‘ala) said, “Verily, We sent to every ummah a messenger[saying]: ‘Worship Allah…”And Nuh, Hud, Salih, and Shu‘ayb, all had one saying, “Oh
my people! Worship Allah; you have no other ilah except
Him.”This type of tawhid is where the old and continuous conflicttook place between the messengers and their nations; it is thereason why the Prophet (sallallahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) fought thekuf ar of Quraysh and why the Khulafa ar-Rashidun fought themurtaddin (apostates).
3.Tawhid as-Asma was-Sifat: it is iman in everything that isrelated in the Noble Quran and the authentic ahadith from theasma (names) and sifat (attributes) of Allah in which Hedescribed Himself with or His messenger described Him withupon its actual reality. And with the belief that “there isnothing like Him; and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Seer.”It is obligatory to believe in the asma and sifat of Allah in theBook and Sunnah, with its meanings and rulings, upon theunderstanding of the Salaf as-Salih (righteous predecessors).
The asma and sifat of Allah are known from the Quran andthe Sunnah; it is not permissible for anyone - whoever it is -to come up with a name or attribute of Allah (ta‘ala), becausethe asma and sifat of Allah are tawqifiyyah (i.e., based on textualproofs). Meaning, we stop in relation to the asma where Allah
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