White people are an amalgamation of three main biological groups: Neolithic hunter-gatherers of Europe, Early European farmers who came in after the ice age receded, and Indo-European(Aryan) invaders from the Pontic Caspian steppe.

Since Europe was conquered by the Aryans, they imposed their language, customs, and religion on the continent. Most European Y-Chromosomal aka male line comes from one of the Aryans. R1b dominates in Western Europe and R1a dominates among the Slavic peoples.

The R1b faction of Aryans arrived in Europe earlier and settled the rich Western European farmlands. Later the R1a faction coalesced in the pontic-Caspian steppe and from there spread out in all directions. A large portion invaded and settled central Asia. From Central Asia, one group went to Iran and another went to India.

Europeans today boast the largest amount of ancestry from Aryans because the land in ancient times was largely uninhabited in contrast to Iran and India which were heavily populated. Thus, those lands while speaking Aryan languages and having or had Aryan faiths mostly descend from their pre-Aryan populations.

Jews were originally a tribe of Levantine people, genetically similar to Iraqis, Syrians, and western Iranians. After the Romans destroyed their Kingdom and slaughtered them during the bar kobka revolt, a small amount migrated to Northern Italy.

There, these Hebrew men took Italian wives and converted the children to Judaism. From this act, the Ashkenazim were born. The Ashkenazi Jews then settled the Rhine region after Charlemagne gave them permission but were expelled from Western Europe after pogroms during the black death. They then settled Poland which was the most religiously free and liberal state in Europe in the 15th century. There their populations grew to large numbers.

So the Ashkenazi Jews are effectively a hybrid race of Levantine and European. They spent 1500 years in genetic isolation due to endogamy and have developed unique traits, effectively becoming a different race from either.

So no, they are not Europeans.

Mizrahi or Sephardic Jews otoh are genetically similar to Arabs, particularly the Mizrahim and they have IQs similar to Arabs as well, around 87 or so.