Yes.

You are correct. It needs to be verified. When overstayers in my country (NZ) are facing deportation, one thing that is invariably mentioned ia how much money they have borrowed and thus how much suffering their deportation will cause. It is inevitable that as mass immigration proceeds ad hoc arrangements will get turned into a formal market.

There was a great article in VDare (which sadly I have been unable to relocate) pointing out that some countries (Pakistan and the Philippines were mentioned) run remittance economies, with the governments there dependent on the money immigrants send back to their communities while at the same time sending citizens abroad alleviated social tension. This meant that the governments had policies (and departments) that encouraged emigration. the training of nurses in the Phillipines with the expectation they will work in the West would be one example.