That's a good summary of events, I agree with this explanation.

The US wasn't happy that Turkey had started a proxy war against them and imposed sanctions.

One caveat was the US dragged its feet about this for a long time because it didn't want to anger Turkey, because Turkey-US military relations are the basis for NATO. I also think that's why the media has not mentioned what Turkey is doing very much, because they don't want to anger their NATO core. But eventually they had to impose sanctions.

Turkey is going to continue to claim these areas just like Israel continues to claim the Golan Heights.

Yes it seems that way. To me it looks like Rojava will eventually fade away as the Turkey vs Syria battle takes center stage, and through this mechanism, Russia will reclaim the US-backed Rojava space, be it through Turkey's invasion in to Rojava land, or Syria's entry in to Rojava land (with the goal of fighting Turkey's invasion).

Either way it seems like Rojava is not actually equipped to control their territory, based on what I'm seeing in the maps, and the fact they let Syria troops enter Rojava territory the instant Turkey started invading again in 2019.

It all seems like it's designed to diminish Rojava, which means the end of US influence in Syria. Russia wins. I think that's the over-arching goal with this Turkey vs Syria thing, despite Russia backing both. It's all about getting rid of US/Rojava, it's the only thing that makes logical sense to me with Russia appearing to fight itself.