Mysterious ‘UFO galaxies’ are big, red and really dusty

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Mysterious ‘UFO galaxies’ are big, red and really dusty

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Fastest-feeding' black hole of the early universe found. But does it break the laws of physics?) about the discovery is published in Nature.

This BH, cataloged as LID-568, found by the James Webb telescope, identified as dwarf blackhole, existed 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang. It should have gotten its mass of more than 7 million solar masses in 12 million years. The rate for its formation would have been 40 times too high. General Relativity poses an upper limit for the rate with which a blackhole can consume matter, known as the Eddington limit (see this). The limit describes the balance between the rate of the infalling matter and the rate of the radiation produced by the infall that then pushes back on the accreting matter. At the limit the feedback shuts down the accretion.

Objects thought to be black holes often differ in many respects from the black holes of general relativity. In particular, the giant BHs of the very early universe and BHs associated with quasars and the cores of galaxies do so. Star-born BHs could be ordinary blackholes but the giant BHs might be something different. Also the dwarf backhole found by JWST might be different. The basic mystery is why the giant BHs can be so large in the very early Universe if they are formed in the expected way. Do the BHs always grow by gobbling up matter from the environment? One hypothesis considers them as a gravastars, i.e. collapsars of so-called dark energy stars, i.e. dense clouds of charged interstellar gas (plasma) and dark matter.

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'Ridiculously smooth': James Webb telescope spies unusual pancake-like disk around nearby star Vega — and scientists can't explain it.

Vega is a bluish colored star about twice as massive as the Sun and located at a distance of about 25 light-years from Earth and is therefore rather near to the Sun. By its large mass Vega is predicted to be short-lived. The radius and mass of the Vega are roughly twice those for the Sun so that surface gravity is 1/2 of that for the Sun and average density is 1/4:th of that for the Sun. Vega is .5 billion years old, which is roughly 1/10 shorter than the age of the Sun and its planetary system, believed to have condensed simultaneously from a proto disk 4.6 billion years ago. Due to its fast spin, the close proximity to Earth and the fact that its magnetic pole is pointed right at us, Vega appears very bright in the night sky. Vega is the fifth brightest star visible from Earth to the naked eye in the Northern sky.

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Tiny bright objects discovered at dawn of universe baffle scientists about Penn's university study RUBIES: Evolved Stellar Populations with Extended Formation Histories at z ∼ 7–8 in Candidate Massive Galaxies Identified with JWST/NIRSpec

These could be early galaxies that are unexpectedly old and more massive even than our own Milky Way, forming far earlier than models predict, or they could be more normal-mass galaxies with “overmassive” black holes, roughly 100 to 1,000 times more massive than such a galaxy would have today.

The observation of distant "mature" galaxies fits well the infinite Universe and tired light models. Only the compact bright galaxies would outshine vast cosmological distances.

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Webb space telescope keeps delivering cosmic surprises

Astronomers had assumed that the early galaxies would be small and faint. That’s not what the Webb saw. Instead there is a remarkable array of big, bright galaxies, many containing supermassive black holes, that emitted their light just 300 million years or so after the big bang. (The best estimate for the age of the universe is 13.8 billion years.) The processes of star formation and the assemblage of galaxies were faster, more efficient or just different from what theorists had assumed.

The unexpected number of big, bright galaxies early in the universe doesn’t mean the Big Bang Theory is wrong, Webb scientists hasten to add.

“We have this deluge of data, we have all these interesting things that we’re finding, and we don’t quite understand why,” NASA astrophysicist Amber Straughn said. But this does not represent the discovery of “new physics” or anything so revolutionary, she said. “The Big Bang is still the best theory of the universe that we have,” Straughn said.

Can the progressivist scientists ever learn from their past?

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Smith's Cloud: Bizarre Massive Structure on a Collision Course With the Milky Way It's also big, red and dusty.