https://www.cellphonetaskforce.org/the-work-of-olle-johansson/
THE WORK OF OLLE JOHANSSON In the 1970s the newspaper industry was one of the first to supply its employees with computers. Complaints of visual problems and headaches, as well as clusters of miscarriages and birth defects in children born to female editors and other newspaper employees, generated some publicity. In the United States, then-Representative Al Gore held Congressional hearings in 1981 on the health effects of computer screens. In Sweden, a union activist brought the problem to the attention of Dr. Olle Johansson, a neuroscientist at the world-renowned Karolinska Institute. Johansson was the head of the Experimental Dermatology Unit at the Institute.
“For me,” said Johansson, “it was immediately clear that persons claiming skin reactions after having been exposed to computer screens very well could be reacting in a highly specific way and with a completely correct avoidance reaction, especially if the provocative agent was radiation and/or chemical emissions — just as you would do if you had been exposed to e.g. sun rays, X-rays, radioactivity or chemical odours.”
Johansson began to study the skin of these patients, and proved that they had a real skin condition that was provoked by sitting in front of a computer screen. The damage was similar to that caused by ultraviolet radiation from the sun. He also showed that the radiation from computers causes measurable changes even in the skin of “normal” people,” and also in the skin of laboratory animals.
He named the new disease “screen dermatitis.” However, since such individuals also usually complained of other symptoms, such as chest pain, memory loss, fatigue, insomnia, dizziness, nausea, and headache, the more general term “electromagnetic hypersensitivity” came into use.
Many people who worked in the electronics industry in Sweden, including an estimated 12% of the electrical engineers in that industry, became electrically sensitive, and helped form an organization called Föreningen för el-och bildskärmsskadade (Association for the Electrosensitive), or FEB. Due in part to the work of FEB and the research of Dr. Johansson, electrosensitivity is a fully recognized disability in Sweden.
More recently, Johansson and his colleagues have conducted important epidemiological studies showing that wireless communication networks are causing significant illness throughout society. They have also shown that increased rates of asthma as well as certain types of cancer were strongly correlated with exposure to radio broadcasting during the twentieth century.
“The world may be moving inexorably,” Johansson warns, “toward one of those tragic moments that will lead historians to ask: Why did they not act in time?”
ARTICLES BY OLLE JOHANSSON “MYSTERY IN THE SKIN. Screen dermatitis, the effect of computer work on human skin.” An interview with Olle Johansson, 2001 http://www.feb.se/ARTICLES/OlleJ.html
COMMENTARY: MOBILE PHONES -WILL THE GOLDEN GOOSE BECOME THE MAD COW? 2001 http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/13878/20021116-0000/www.acnem.org/journal/pdf_files/20-2_commentary-mobile_phones.pdf
CUTANEOUS MAST CELLS ARE ALTERED IN NORMAL HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS SITTING IN FRONT OF ORDINARY TVS/PCS – RESULTS FROM OPEN-FIELD PROVOCATION EXPERIMENTS, 2001 http://www.foodsmatter.com/es/computers_wifi_bluetooth/articles/johansson_tv_healthy_volunteers.pdf
CANCER TRENDS DURING THE 20TH CENTURY Örjan Hallberg and Olle Johansson, 2002 http://iddd.de/umtsno/cancertrends.pdf
MELANOMA INCIDENCE AND FREQUENCY MODULATION (FM) BROADCASTING, 2002 http://schermatura.com/news/aehcorrection2002.pdf
DOES GSM 1800 AFFECT THE PUBLIC HEALTH IN SWEDEN? 2004 http://www.iddd.de/umtsno/KosPaper.pdf
MALIGNANT MELANOMA OF THE SKIN – NOT A SUNSHINE STORY! http://www.tetrawatch.net/papers/fm_melanoma_sweden_4321.pdf
LONG-TERM SICKNESS AND MOBILE PHONE USE Örjan Hallberg and Olle Johansson, 2004 http://www.iddd.de/umtsno/lthhallberg.pdf
FM BROADCASTING EXPOSURE TIME AND MALIGNANT MELANOMA INCIDENCE, 2005 http://avaate.org/IMG/pdf/melanoma_electromagneticbiologyandmedicine_2005.pdf
HOW SHALL WE COPE WITH THE INCREASING AMOUNTS OF AIRBORNE RADIATION? 2006 http://ww.stopumts.nl/pdf/paper_johansson_airborne_radiation.pdf
ELECTROHYPERSENSITIVITY: STATE-OF-THE-ART OF A FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT Olle Johansson, 2006 http://adante.vingar.se/electrohypersensitivity1.pdf
LETTER TO THE EDITOR: WILL WE ALL BECOME ELECTROSENSITIVE? Örjan Hallberg and Olle Johansson, 2006 http://www.next-up.org/pdf/EHS2006_HallbergOberfeld.pdf
DISTURBANCE OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM BY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS – A potentially underlying cause for cellular damage and tissue repair reduction which could lead to disease and impairment, 2009 http://www.milieuziektes.nl/Rapporten/PATPHY_621.pdf
https://www.cellphonetaskforce.org/the-work-of-leif-salford/
THE WORK OF LEIF SALFORD Since Allan Frey, whose work is also highlighted here, discovered in 1975 that microwave radiation causes the blood-brain barrier to leak, at least a dozen laboratories throughout the world have corroborated this effect. Currently the most active research of this kind is being done at Lund University in Sweden.
Dr. Leif Salford is a neurosurgeon at Lund University Hospital, and Chairman of the Department of Neurosurgery. Since 1988 he has led a team of researchers that have exposed thousands of laboratory rats to microwave radiation from various sources. Since the late 1990s they have used mobile telephones as the source of this radiation.
Their results have been consistent and alarming: not only does radiation from a cell phone damage the blood-brain barrier, but it does so at even when the exposure level is reduced a thousandfold. Even more disturbingly, and contrary to what was expected, the damage to the blood-brain barrier worsened when the experimenters reduced the exposure level. The implies that SAR ratings for cell phones may be worthless and that it may not be possible to make cell phones safer by reducing their power.
In laboratory rats, Salford’s team has demonstrated that blood-brain barrier leakage occurs after only two minutes of exposure. Further, a single two-hour exposure to a cell phone, even at reduced power, was shown to damage or destroy up to two percent of an animal’s brain cells.
In other experiments in Salford’s laboratory, long term exposure of rats to a cell phone caused memory impairment, and a single six-hour exposure at extremely low power levels caused genetic damage. Exposure to a low-frequency magnetic field (low frequencies are also emitted by cell phones) caused disturbances of calcium transport in cells.
Salford has called the use of cell phones by human beings “the largest biological experiment ever,” and he calls the potential implications of his laboratory results “terrifying.” “Those who might normally have got Alzheimer’s dementia in old age could get it much earlier,” he said. “Perhaps putting a mobile phone repeatedly to your head is something that might not be good in the long term.”
ARTICLES BY LEIF SALFORD BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER PERMEABILITY IN RATS EXPOSED TO ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS USED IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION, 1997 https://ecfsapi.fcc.gov/file/7520941992.pdf
NERVE CELL DAMAGE IN MAMMALIAN BRAIN AFTER EXPOSURE TO MICROWAVES FROM GSM MOBILE PHONES Leif G. Salford, Arne E. Brun, Jacob L. Eberhardt, Lars Malmgren, and Bertil R. R. Persson, 2003 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241519/pdf/ehp0111-000881.pdf
NON-THERMAL EFFECTS OF EMF UPON THE MAMMALIAN BRAIN: THE LUND EXPERIENCE Leif G. Salford, Henrietta Nittby, Arne Brun, Gustav Grafström, Lars Malmgren, Jacob Eberhardt, and Bertil R. R. Persson, 2007 www.icems.eu/docs/Salford.pdf
THE MAMMALIAN BRAIN IN THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS DESIGNED BY MAN—With special reference to blood-brain barrier function, neuronal damage and possible physical mechanisms, 2008 https://academic.oup.com/ptps/article-pdf/doi/10.1143/PTPS.173.283/5430843/173-283.pdf
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN RATS AFTER LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO GSM‐900 MOBILE PHONE RADIATION, 2008 http://www.academia.edu/download/45695530/Cognitive_impairment_in_rats_after_long-20160517-14845-916n1y.pdf
RADIOFREQUENCY AND EXTREMELY LOW-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS ON THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER, 2008 http://weepinitiative.org/LINKEDDOCS/health/nittby.PDF
INCREASED BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER PERMEABILITY IN MAMMALIAN BRAIN 7 DAYS AFTER EXPOSURE TO THE RADIATION FROM A GSM-900 MOBILE PHONE, 2009 http://ccst.us/projects/smart/documents/082009_Nittby_Increased_Permeability.pdf
COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO MODELS FOR INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS AND PROTEINS IN CELL MEMBRANES, 2009 http://people.eng.unimelb.edu.au/malkah/Publications/2009_Bio_Sweden_Work.pdf
https://www.cellphonetaskforce.org/the-work-of-allan-h-frey/
THE WORK OF ALLAN H. FREY In 1960, biologist Allan Frey, then 25, was working at General Electric’s Advanced Electronics Center at Cornell University when he was contacted by a technician whose job was to measure the signals emitted by radar stations. The technician claimed that he could “hear” radar.
Frey traveled to the facility where the man worked and stood at the edge of the radar beam. “And sure enough, I could hear it, too,” he said. “I could hear the radar going ‘zip, zip, zip’.” Frey went on to establish that the effect was real—microwave radiation from radar (and other source) could somehow be heard by human beings. The “hearing,” however, didn’t happen via normal sound waves perceived through the ear. It apparently occurred somewhere in the brain itself, as microwaves interacted with the brain’s cells, which generate tiny electrical fields. Frey proved also that many deaf people and animals could hear microwave radiation. This phenomenon came to be known as the Frey effect, or simply “microwave hearing.”
At that time the U.S. military, which was interested in greatly expanding its use of radar around populated areas, had substantial funding available to investigate the effects of such radiation on health. For the next two decades Frey, funded by the Office of Naval Research and the U.S. Army, was the most active researcher on the bioeffects of microwave radiation in the country. Frey caused rats to become docile by exposing them to radiation at an average power level of only 50 microwatts per square centimeter. He altered specific behaviors of rats at 8 microwatts per square centimeter. He altered the heart rate of live frogs at 3 microwatts per square centimeter. At only 0.6 microwatts per square centimeter, he caused isolated frogs’ hearts to stop beating by timing the microwave pulses at a precise point during the heart’s rhythm. 0.6 microwatts per square centimeter is about 10,000 times less than the amount of radiation an active cell phone would expose a man’s heart to if he carried it in his shirt pocket.
In a study published in 1975 in the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Frey reported that microwaves could induce “leakage” in the barrier between the circulatory system and the brain. Breaching the blood-brain barrier is a serious matter. It means that bacteria, viruses and toxins from the blood can enter the brain. It means the brain’s environment, which needs to be extremely stable for nerve cells to function properly, can be perturbed in other dangerous ways. Frey’s method was rather simple: He injected a fluorescent dye into the circulatory system of white rats, then swept the ¬microwave frequencies across their bodies. In a matter of minutes, the dye had leached into the confines of the rats’ brains. Dr. Leif Salford, whose work is also highlighted here, is currently the most active researcher continuing Frey’s pioneering work on the blood-brain barrier.
ARTICLES BY ALLAN H. FREY HUMAN AUDITORY SYSTEM RESPONSE TO MODULATED ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY, 1962 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Allan_Frey/publication/9672181_Human_Auditory_System_Response_to_Modulated_Electromagnetic_Energy/links/5735eba408ae9ace840ae7b6.pdf
BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION AS INFLUENCED BY LOW POWER MODULATED EF ENERGY, 1968 http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=AD0716044&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf
ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION AT MICRON WAVELENGTHS FROM ACTIVE NERVES, 1968 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1367349/pdf/biophysj00698-0063.pdf
EFFECTS OF MICROWAVES AND RADIO FREQUENCY ENERGY ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, 1969 http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=AD0698195
A PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE RF SOUND PHENOMENON, 1972 http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=AD0747684
NEURAL FUNCTION AND BEHAVIOR, 1975 https://ehtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/FreyPioneeringPapers.pdf
MODIFICATION OF HEART FUNCTION WITH LOW INTENSITY ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY, 1986 http://www.ct.gov/csc/lib/csc/pendingproceeds/docket_409/inlandwetland/409-iw_exh69-79.pdf#page=17
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD INTERACTIONS WITH BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS, 1993 http://www.fasebj.org/content/7/2/272.full.pdf
HEADACHES FROM CELLULAR TELEPHONES: Are they real and what are the implications? 1998 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1533043/pdf/envhper00526-0027.pdf
ETHICAL QUESTIONS ON THE USE OF MAGNETIC FIELD REPORTS, 1998 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1533116/pdf/envhper00530-0012a.pdf
CAN PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY DECISIONS BE MADE ON THE BASIS OF CURRENTLY AVAILABLE DATA ON ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD INTERACTIONS WITH BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS? 1999 http://www.goaegis.com/articles/frey1100.pdf
CELLULAR TELEPHONES AND BRAIN CANCER: Current Research, 2001 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240326/pdf/ehp0109-a0200b.pdf
OPINION: CELL PHONE HEALTH RISK? Security concerns during the Cold War may have led to the generation of misinformation on the physiological effects of microwave radiation from mobile phones: The Scientist, 2012 https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/opinion-cell-phone-health-risk-40449
there doesn't seem to be anything here