More questions for GC, because mods keep removing when I post:

Is sex determined by chromosomes or phenotype? Are people with CAIS male or female? Doesn't CAIS challenge binary sex?

People with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome have male chromosomes and a female phenotype.

What is their sex?

That requires an understanding of what determines sex in the first place. Is it chromosomes, or phenotype? If it's chromosomes, then people with CAIS are male, despite having female phenotype.

If it's phenotype, then people with CAIS are female, despite having male chromosomes.

If it's both chromosomes and phenotype, then people with CAIS are male and female at the same time.

Please let me know which one is true.

And also why CAIS does not challenge binary sex?

When people can have variations of primary sex organs, secondary sex organs and chromosomes (which they call intersex), sex becomes a spectrum?

Someone could have undeveloped female sex organs, but developed male sex organs. If sex is a binary, it would be really difficult to determine what their sex is when their sex organs are so mixed.

This person says intersex people are nonbinary, neither man, nor woman, no matter what gametes or genitals they have and are a third sex: https://imgur.com/MERbsgr

Intersex people are where I understand the concept of nonbinary (a third sex). Someone naturally has very atypical hormone levels leading to abnormal secondary sex characteristics, has ambiguous genitals, and appears genuinely androgynous due to an intersex condition? I can completely understand why they feel the most comfortable saying "I don't want to be called a man or a woman", despite what gametes they produce.

Intersex are not male nor female? Just because they think so?

I remember in the wikipedia article on sry + xx males there was mention of xx males that don't have the sry gene too (how are they males then?).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XX_male_syndrome

It says that about 10% of XX males do not have sry.

If sex is a spectrum, intersex and regular people can be some of these things, 1) male, 2) female, 3) more female, less male, 4) more male, less female, 5) neither male nor female, 6) male and female at the same time.

And if sex is a spectrum because of the variation we see for primary sex organs and chromosomes, then if a man takes hormones, removes his sex organs, and a neovagina is implanted in him, he becomes 1) less male, more female, 2) less male, 3) neither male nor female, 4) male and female at the same time.

And if a woman takes hormones, removes her sex organs and a neopenis is implanted in her, she becomes 1) less female, more male, 2) less female, 3) neither male nor female, 4) male and female at the same time.