Black holes' quantum effect may resolve the dark matter problem about study Gravitational waves from burdened primordial black holes dark matter

Some time ago, primordial black holes were a promising candidate for dark matter. Primordial black holes should also contain a singularity, but should otherwise be much more variable in terms of their mass. Theoretically, they could weigh 1 gram or 100,000 Suns. They're entirely hypothetical, as dark matter hypotheses tend to be. If they exist, they should come from a very young universe, where they were formed by the collapse of also entirely hypothetical Fermi balls, probably less lascivious than they sound at first glance. They should be macroscopic objects that, if they existed, were born during an early phase transition by spontaneous symmetry breaking. Another possibility is that primordial black holes emerged in the chaos of cosmic inflation.

But there's a catch. Black holes should evaporate with Hawking radiation, the black hole thermal radiation calculated by Stephen Hawking when he applied quantum field theory to the curved spacetime around the black hole's event horizon. Hawking radiation is remarkable in that its temperature increases as the mass of the black hole decreases. As a result, small black holes should evaporate faster until they disappear in a flash of radiation. It follows that primordial black holes lighter than about 10¹⁷ grams should not exist in the universe because they would have already evaporated. This created a huge problem for the hypothesis of dark matter from primordial black holes. Because they would have to be very massive, and then gravitational lensing studies would detect them. But primordial black holes have not yet appeared in them, which has chilled physicists' hopes that the solution to dark matter is these black holes from the beginning of the universe. As the search continues (primarily because of string theorists motivations), optimism fades.

The essence of the memory burden effect is that a load of information carried by a system stabilizes it. This universal effect is especially prominent in systems with a high capacity of information storage, such as black holes and other objects with maximal microstate degeneracy, the entities universally referred to as “saturons.” This effect explains, in terms of an explicit microscopic mechanism, why, at the early stages of Hawking’s decay, the information stored in a black hole cannot be released together with radiation. After then, the internally maintained information backreacts and creates resistance against the decay of a black hole. This is the effect of the memory burden phenomenon in a black hole.

Loc Ngo suggests that the recently described quantum memory burden effect could be involved in a very clever way. If the ideas about this phenomenon are correct, then it could be that when a black hole is vaporized to half its original mass by Hawking radiation, it suddenly stabilizes. Now we are facing the situation that the introduction of the quantum theory into black holes model leads both into speeding-up their evaporation, both into its suppression at the same moment. It's reminiscent of the "I don't want to give up my favorite disproven theory, so I'll make up some crazy thing to make it work" approach, but so be it. In the already rather depressing search for dark matter, every straw is useful. See also:

• A Microscopic Model of Holography: Survival by the Burden of Memory Among the degenerate micro-states the ones with heavier loaded memories survive longer than those that store emptier patterns. Thus, a state gets stabilized by the burden of its own memory. From time to time the information pattern gets off-loaded from one holographic state into another but cannot escape the system. During this process the pattern becomes highly entangled and scrambled. This phenomenon is universal in systems with enhanced memory storage capacity, such as black holes or critical neural networks.
• Memory Burden Effect in Black Holes and Solitons: Implications for PBH The memory burden effect suppresses a further decay of a black hole, the latest, after it has emitted about half of its initial mass. As a consequence, the light primordial black holes (PBHs), that previously were assumed to be fully evaporated, are expected to be present as viable dark matter candidates.
• The evaporation of charged black holes Evaporation of a large charged black holes corrects the semiclassical calculation, which gives completely wrong predictions for almost the entire evaporation history. This may also render the charge as a hyperdimensional "memory burden effect" of sort.